EDs are incredibly complicated and multifaceted illnesses, and therefore don't have a simple answer to what causes them. Instead, EDs develop due to a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Each individual has a unique history of what contributed to the development of their ED.
How are EDs treated?
Before digging into the treatment modalities of EDs, it is crucial that treatment is completely body liberation focused, Health at Every Size (HAES) and Intuitive Eating (IE) based. Briefly, this means that there is a "no-diet" and "all foods fit" approach. Weight loss is not prescribed or a part of the treatment plan, and only perpetuates diet culture. Diet culture has permeated many areas of our lives, and ultimately is not the antidote but the toxin that contributes to body distrust/hate, body dysmorphia, disordered eating, and EDs.
Regarding treatments and interventions, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Family-Based Treatment (FBT) are the most recognized and evidence-based treatments utilized in ED treatment. However, ED treatment is not limited to or only effective if using these modalities. Internal Family Systems (IFS), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) are additional effective and supportive treatment modalities for EDs. It is important to mention that treatments are often utilized in some combination that is ideal for each individual.
Again, EDs can vary drastically case to case, and diagnosis to diagnosis, there is not only one way or environment to treat them. Depending on the level of severity of the ED, there may be a need for a higher level of care such as inpatient hospitalization or residential. Slightly lower levels of care include partial-hospitalization programs (PHP) and intensive outpatient programs (IOP). And finally, when appropriate, there is outpatient care for those who are physically and mentally stable enough to engage in therapeutic treatments without more consistent immediate support.